Gmail 是全球流行和廣泛使用的電子郵件應用程序之一。除了管理電子郵件外，它還允許處理日曆、聯繫人、聊天等，並提供其他協作服務。在 上一篇文章 中，您了解瞭如何在 .NET 應用程序中從 Gmail 帳戶導入聯繫人。在本文中，我們將介紹如何使用 C# .NET 在 Gmail 帳戶中創建、更新和刪除聯繫人。
用於創建、更新和刪除 Gmail 聯繫人的 C# .NET API
要在 Gmail 帳戶中創建和操作聯繫人，我們將使用 Aspose.Email for .NET。它是一個電子郵件處理 API，可讓您處理電子郵件並使用流行的電子郵件客戶端。您可以 下載 API 的 DLL 或使用以下命令從 NuGet 安裝它。
PM> Install-Package Aspose.Email
在開始工作之前，您需要在 Google Developer Console 上創建一個項目，這將允許您與 Gmail 進行通信。要創建一個，您可以遵循 本指南。
要訪問和操作 Gmail 帳戶中的聯繫人，我們需要編寫一些代碼來處理用戶信息並執行身份驗證。對於 Gmail 用戶，我們首先創建一個名為 TestUser 的類，然後從 GoogleUser 類繼承它。以下是這兩個類的完整實現。
using System;
namespace Aspose.Email
{
internal enum GrantTypes
{
authorization_code,
refresh_token
}
public class TestUser
{
internal TestUser(string name, string eMail, string password, string domain)
{
Name = name;
EMail = eMail;
Password = password;
Domain = domain;
}
public readonly string Name;
public readonly string EMail;
public readonly string Password;
public readonly string Domain;
public static bool operator ==(TestUser x, TestUser y)
{
if ((object)x != null)
return x.Equals(y);
if ((object)y != null)
return y.Equals(x);
return true;
}
public static bool operator !=(TestUser x, TestUser y)
{
return !(x == y);
}
public static implicit operator string(TestUser user)
{
return user == null ? null : user.Name;
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return ToString().GetHashCode();
}
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
return obj != null && obj is TestUser && this.ToString().Equals(obj.ToString(), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
}
public override string ToString()
{
return string.IsNullOrEmpty(Domain) ? Name : string.Format("{0}/{1}", Domain, Name);
}
}
public class GoogleUser : TestUser
{
public GoogleUser(string name, string eMail, string password)
: this(name, eMail, password, null, null, null)
{ }
public GoogleUser(string name, string eMail, string password, string clientId, string clientSecret)
: this(name, eMail, password, clientId, clientSecret, null)
{ }
public GoogleUser(string name, string eMail, string password, string clientId, string clientSecret, string refreshToken)
: base(name, eMail, password, "gmail.com")
{
ClientId = clientId;
ClientSecret = clientSecret;
RefreshToken = refreshToken;
}
public readonly string ClientId;
public readonly string ClientSecret;
public readonly string RefreshToken;
}
}
現在，我們需要創建一個幫助程序類來處理 Gmail 帳戶的身份驗證。我們將把這個類命名為 GoogleOAuthHelper。下面是這個類的完整實現。
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Aspose.Email
{
internal class GoogleOAuthHelper
{
public const string TOKEN_REQUEST_URL = "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token";
public const string SCOPE = "https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fcalendar" + "+" + "https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fm8%2Ffeeds%2F" + "+" + "https%3A%2F%2Fmail.google.com%2F"; // IMAP & SMTP
public const string REDIRECT_URI = "urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob";
public const string REDIRECT_TYPE = "code";
internal static string GetAccessToken(TestUser user)
{
return GetAccessToken((GoogleUser)user);
}
internal static string GetAccessToken(GoogleUser user)
{
string access_token;
string token_type;
int expires_in;
GetAccessToken(user, out access_token, out token_type, out expires_in);
return access_token;
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(GoogleUser user, out string access_token, out string token_type, out int expires_in)
{
access_token = null;
token_type = null;
expires_in = 0;
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(TOKEN_REQUEST_URL);
request.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
string encodedParameters = string.Format("client_id={0}&client_secret={1}&refresh_token={2}&grant_type={3}",
System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(user.ClientId), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(user.ClientSecret), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(user.RefreshToken), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(GrantTypes.refresh_token.ToString()));
byte[] requestData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encodedParameters);
request.ContentLength = requestData.Length;
if (requestData.Length > 0)
using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream())
stream.Write(requestData, 0, requestData.Length);
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
string responseText = null;
using (TextReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.ASCII))
responseText = reader.ReadToEnd();
foreach (string sPair in responseText.Replace("{", "").Replace("}", "").Replace("\"", "").Split(new string[] { ",\n" }, StringSplitOptions.None))
{
string[] pair = sPair.Split(':');
string name = pair[0].Trim().ToLower();
string value = System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlDecode(pair[1].Trim());
switch (name)
{
case "access_token":
access_token = value;
break;
case "token_type":
token_type = value;
break;
case "expires_in":
expires_in = Convert.ToInt32(value);
break;
}
}
Debug.WriteLine("");
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine("-----------OAuth 2.0 authorization information-----------");
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Login: '{0}'", user.EMail));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Access token: '{0}'", access_token));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Token type: '{0}'", token_type));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Expires in: '{0}'", expires_in));
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine("");
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(TestUser user, out string access_token, out string refresh_token)
{
GetAccessToken((GoogleUser)user, out access_token, out refresh_token);
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(GoogleUser user, out string access_token, out string refresh_token)
{
string token_type;
int expires_in;
GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAccessToken(user, out access_token, out refresh_token, out token_type, out expires_in);
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(TestUser user, out string access_token, out string refresh_token, out string token_type, out int expires_in)
{
GetAccessToken((GoogleUser)user, out access_token, out refresh_token, out token_type, out expires_in);
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(GoogleUser user, out string access_token, out string refresh_token, out string token_type, out int expires_in)
{
string authorizationCode = GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAuthorizationCode(user, GoogleOAuthHelper.SCOPE, GoogleOAuthHelper.REDIRECT_URI, GoogleOAuthHelper.REDIRECT_TYPE);
GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAccessToken(authorizationCode, user, out access_token, out token_type, out expires_in, out refresh_token);
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(string authorizationCode, TestUser user, out string access_token, out string token_type, out int expires_in, out string refresh_token)
{
GetAccessToken(authorizationCode, (GoogleUser)user, out access_token, out token_type, out expires_in, out refresh_token);
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(string authorizationCode, GoogleUser user, out string access_token, out string token_type, out int expires_in, out string refresh_token)
{
access_token = null;
token_type = null;
expires_in = 0;
refresh_token = null;
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(TOKEN_REQUEST_URL);
request.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
string encodedParameters = string.Format("client_id={0}&code={1}&client_secret={2}&redirect_uri={3}&grant_type={4}", System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(user.ClientId), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(authorizationCode), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(user.ClientSecret), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(REDIRECT_URI), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(GrantTypes.authorization_code.ToString()));
byte[] requestData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encodedParameters);
request.ContentLength = requestData.Length;
if (requestData.Length > 0)
using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream())
stream.Write(requestData, 0, requestData.Length);
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
string responseText = null;
using (TextReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.ASCII))
responseText = reader.ReadToEnd();
foreach (string sPair in responseText.Replace("{", "").Replace("}", "").Replace("\"", "").Split(new string[] { ",\n" }, StringSplitOptions.None))
{
string[] pair = sPair.Split(':');
string name = pair[0].Trim().ToLower();
string value = System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlDecode(pair[1].Trim());
switch (name)
{
case "access_token":
access_token = value;
break;
case "token_type":
token_type = value;
break;
case "expires_in":
expires_in = Convert.ToInt32(value);
break;
case "refresh_token":
refresh_token = value;
break;
}
}
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Authorization code: '{0}'", authorizationCode));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Access token: '{0}'", access_token));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Refresh token: '{0}'", refresh_token));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Token type: '{0}'", token_type));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Expires in: '{0}'", expires_in));
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine("");
}
internal static string GetAuthorizationCode(TestUser acc, string scope, string redirectUri, string responseType)
{
return GetAuthorizationCode((GoogleUser)acc, scope, redirectUri, responseType);
}
internal static string GetAuthorizationCode(GoogleUser acc, string scope, string redirectUri, string responseType)
{
Debug.WriteLine("");
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine("-----------OAuth 2.0 authorization information-----------");
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Login: '{0}'", acc.EMail));
string authorizationCode = null;
string error = null;
string approveUrl = string.Format("https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?redirect_uri={0}&response_type={1}&client_id={2}&scope={3}", redirectUri, responseType, acc.ClientId, scope);
AutoResetEvent are0 = new AutoResetEvent(false);
Thread t = new Thread(delegate ()
{
bool doEvents = true;
WebBrowser browser = new WebBrowser();
browser.AllowNavigation = true;
browser.DocumentCompleted += delegate (object sender, WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs e) { doEvents = false; };
Form f = new Form();
f.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedToolWindow;
f.ShowInTaskbar = false;
f.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
f.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(-2000, -2000);
f.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1, 1);
f.Controls.Add(browser);
f.Load += delegate (object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
browser.Navigate("https://accounts.google.com/Logout");
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents) Application.DoEvents();
browser.Navigate("https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?sacu=1");
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents) Application.DoEvents();
HtmlElement loginForm = browser.Document.Forms["gaia_loginform"];
if (loginForm != null)
{
HtmlElement userName = browser.Document.All["Email"];
userName.SetAttribute("value", acc.EMail);
loginForm.InvokeMember("submit");
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents)
Application.DoEvents();
loginForm = browser.Document.Forms["gaia_loginform"];
HtmlElement passwd = browser.Document.All["Passwd"];
passwd.SetAttribute("value", acc.Password);
loginForm.InvokeMember("submit");
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents)
Application.DoEvents();
}
else
{
error = "Login form is not found in \n" + browser.Document.Body.InnerHtml;
return;
}
browser.Navigate(approveUrl);
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents) Application.DoEvents();
HtmlElement approveForm = browser.Document.Forms["connect-approve"];
if (approveForm != null)
{
HtmlElement submitAccess = browser.Document.All["submit_access"];
submitAccess.SetAttribute("value", "true");
approveForm.InvokeMember("submit");
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents)
Application.DoEvents();
}
else
{
error = "Approve form is not found in \n" + browser.Document.Body.InnerHtml;
return;
}
HtmlElement code = browser.Document.All["code"];
if (code != null)
authorizationCode = code.GetAttribute("value");
else
error = "Authorization code is not found in \n" + browser.Document.Body.InnerHtml;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
error = ex.Message;
}
finally
{
f.Close();
}
};
Application.Run(f);
are0.Set();
});
t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
t.Start();
are0.WaitOne();
if (error != null)
throw new Exception(error);
return authorizationCode;
}
}
}
在 C# 中創建 Gmail 聯繫人
以下是在 C# 中創建 Gmail 聯繫人的步驟。
- 首先，創建一個 Google 用戶，獲取訪問令牌，並初始化一個 IGmailClient 對象。
- 然後，創建 Contact 類的對象。
- 設置聯繫人的屬性，例如姓名、前綴、職業等。
- 要設置郵政地址，請創建 PostalAddress 的實例並設置其屬性。
- 使用 Contact.PhysicalAddresses.Add(PostalAddress) 方法將新創建的地址添加到集合中。
- 使用 PhoneNumber 類設置電話號碼詳細信息。
- 使用 Contact.PhoneNumbers.Add(PhoneNumber) 方法將電話號碼詳細信息添加到集合中。
- 創建 EmailAddress 類的實例，設置電子郵件地址，並將其分配給聯繫人。
- 最後調用IGmailClient.CreateContact(Contact)方法創建Gmail聯繫人。
以下代碼示例展示瞭如何使用 C# 在 Gmail 上創建聯繫人。
// 初始化谷歌用戶
GoogleUser User = new GoogleUser("user", "email address", "password", "clientId", "client secret");
string accessToken;
string refreshToken;
// 獲取訪問令牌
GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAccessToken(User, out accessToken, out refreshToken);
// 獲取 Gmail 客戶端
IGmailClient client = GmailClient.GetInstance(accessToken, User.EMail);
// 創建聯繫人
Contact contact = new Contact();
contact.Prefix = "Prefix";
contact.GivenName = "GivenName";
contact.Surname = "Surname";
contact.MiddleName = "MiddleName";
contact.DisplayName = "Test User 1";
contact.Suffix = "Suffix";
contact.JobTitle = "JobTitle";
contact.DepartmentName = "DepartmentName";
contact.CompanyName = "CompanyName";
contact.Profession = "Profession";
contact.Notes = "Notes";
// 設置郵寄地址
PostalAddress address = new PostalAddress();
address.Category = PostalAddressCategory.Work;
address.Address = "Address";
address.Street = "Street";
address.PostOfficeBox = "PostOfficeBox";
address.City = "City";
address.StateOrProvince = "StateOrProvince";
address.PostalCode = "PostalCode";
address.Country = "Country";
contact.PhysicalAddresses.Add(address);
// 設置電話號碼
PhoneNumber pnWork = new PhoneNumber();
pnWork.Number = "323423423423";
pnWork.Category = PhoneNumberCategory.Work;
contact.PhoneNumbers.Add(pnWork);
PhoneNumber pnHome = new PhoneNumber();
pnHome.Number = "323423423423";
pnHome.Category = PhoneNumberCategory.Home;
contact.PhoneNumbers.Add(pnHome);
PhoneNumber pnMobile = new PhoneNumber();
pnMobile.Number = "323423423423";
pnMobile.Category = PhoneNumberCategory.Mobile;
contact.PhoneNumbers.Add(pnMobile);
// 設置其他屬性
contact.Urls.Blog = "Blog.ru";
contact.Urls.BusinessHomePage = "BusinessHomePage.ru";
contact.Urls.HomePage = "HomePage.ru";
contact.Urls.Profile = "Profile.ru";
contact.Events.Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30);
contact.Events.Anniversary = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-10);
contact.InstantMessengers.AIM = "AIM";
contact.InstantMessengers.GoogleTalk = "GoogleTalk";
contact.InstantMessengers.ICQ = "ICQ";
contact.InstantMessengers.Jabber = "Jabber";
contact.InstantMessengers.MSN = "MSN";
contact.InstantMessengers.QQ = "QQ";
contact.InstantMessengers.Skype = "Skype";
contact.InstantMessengers.Yahoo = "Yahoo";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Spouse = "Spouse";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Sister = "Sister";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Relative = "Relative";
contact.AssociatedPersons.ReferredBy = "ReferredBy";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Partner = "Partner";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Parent = "Parent";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Mother = "Mother";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Manager = "Manager";
// 設置電子郵件地址
EmailAddress eAddress = new EmailAddress();
eAddress.Address = "email@gmail.com";
contact.EmailAddresses.Add(eAddress);
// 在 Gmail 上創建聯繫人
string contactUri = client.CreateContact(contact);
在 C# 中更新 Gmail 上的聯繫人
您還可以在訪問後更新 Gmail 聯繫人的詳細信息。以下是使用 C# 更新 Gmail 帳戶中的聯繫人的步驟。
- 首先，創建一個 Google 用戶，獲取訪問令牌，並初始化一個 IGmailClient 對象。
- 使用 IGmailClient.GetAllContacts() 方法獲取數組中的聯繫人。
- 從 Contact 對像中的數組中獲取所需的聯繫人。
- 更新聯繫人詳情，調用IGmailClient.UpdateContact(contact)方法。
以下代碼示例顯示瞭如何使用 C# 更新 Gmail 中的聯繫人。
// 初始化谷歌用戶
GoogleUser User = new GoogleUser("user", "email address", "password", "clientId", "client secret");
string accessToken;
string refreshToken;
// 獲取訪問令牌
GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAccessToken(User, out accessToken, out refreshToken);
// 獲取 IGmailClient
using (IGmailClient client = GmailClient.GetInstance(accessToken, User.EMail))
{
// 獲取所有聯繫人
Contact[] contacts = client.GetAllContacts();
Contact contact = contacts[0];
contact.JobTitle = "Manager IT";
contact.DepartmentName = "Customer Support";
contact.CompanyName = "Aspose";
contact.Profession = "Software Developer";
// 更新聯繫人
client.UpdateContact(contact);
}
在 C# 中刪除 Gmail 上的聯繫人
最後，讓我們看看如何使用 C# 刪除 Gmail 聯繫人。以下是執行此操作的步驟。
- 首先，創建一個 Google 用戶，獲取訪問令牌，並初始化一個 IGmailClient 對象。
- 使用 IGmailClient.GetAllContacts() 方法獲取數組中的聯繫人。
- 從 Contact 對象的數組中過濾所需的聯繫人。
- 最後調用IGmailClient.DeleteContact(Contact.Id.GoogleId)方法刪除聯繫人。
下面的代碼示例顯示瞭如何在 C# 中刪除 Gmail 上的聯繫人。
// 初始化谷歌用戶
GoogleUser User = new GoogleUser("user", "email address", "password", "clientId", "client secret");
string accessToken;
string refreshToken;
// 獲取訪問令牌
GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAccessToken(User, out accessToken, out refreshToken);
// 獲取 IGmailClient
using (IGmailClient client = GmailClient.GetInstance(accessToken, User.EMail))
{
// 獲取所有聯繫人
Contact[] contacts = client.GetAllContacts();
Contact contact = contacts[0];
// 刪除聯繫人
client.DeleteContact(contact.Id.GoogleId);
}
獲取免費的 API 許可證
你可以使用 Aspose.Email for .NET，沒有評估限制，使用免費臨時許可證。
結論
在本文中，您了解瞭如何使用 C# .NET 在 Gmail 帳戶中創建和更新聯繫人。此外，您還了解瞭如何以編程方式刪除 Gmail 聯繫人。此外，您可以訪問 文檔 來探索 Aspose.Email for .NET 的其他功能。如果您有任何問題，可以發帖到我們的 論壇。