Gmail 是全球流行且广泛使用的电子邮件应用程序之一。除了管理电子邮件之外，它还允许使用日历、联系人、聊天等，并提供其他协作服务。在 上一篇文章 中，您已经了解了如何在 .NET 应用程序中从 Gmail 帐户导入联系人。在本文中，我们将介绍如何使用 C# .NET 在 Gmail 帐户中创建、更新和删除联系人。
用于创建、更新和删除 Gmail 联系人的 C# .NET API
要在 Gmail 帐户中创建和操作联系人，我们将使用 Aspose.Email for .NET。它是一个电子邮件处理 API，可让您操作电子邮件并与流行的电子邮件客户端合作。您可以 下载 API 的 DLL 或使用以下命令从 NuGet 安装它。
PM> Install-Package Aspose.Email
在开始工作之前，您需要在 Google Developer Console 上创建一个项目，该项目将允许您与 Gmail 通信。要创建一个，您可以按照 本指南。
要访问和操作 Gmail 帐户中的联系人，我们需要编写一些代码来处理用户信息并执行身份验证。对于 Gmail 用户，我们将首先创建一个名为 TestUser 的类，然后从 GoogleUser 类继承它。以下是这两个类的完整实现。
using System;
namespace Aspose.Email
{
internal enum GrantTypes
{
authorization_code,
refresh_token
}
public class TestUser
{
internal TestUser(string name, string eMail, string password, string domain)
{
Name = name;
EMail = eMail;
Password = password;
Domain = domain;
}
public readonly string Name;
public readonly string EMail;
public readonly string Password;
public readonly string Domain;
public static bool operator ==(TestUser x, TestUser y)
{
if ((object)x != null)
return x.Equals(y);
if ((object)y != null)
return y.Equals(x);
return true;
}
public static bool operator !=(TestUser x, TestUser y)
{
return !(x == y);
}
public static implicit operator string(TestUser user)
{
return user == null ? null : user.Name;
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return ToString().GetHashCode();
}
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
return obj != null && obj is TestUser && this.ToString().Equals(obj.ToString(), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
}
public override string ToString()
{
return string.IsNullOrEmpty(Domain) ? Name : string.Format("{0}/{1}", Domain, Name);
}
}
public class GoogleUser : TestUser
{
public GoogleUser(string name, string eMail, string password)
: this(name, eMail, password, null, null, null)
{ }
public GoogleUser(string name, string eMail, string password, string clientId, string clientSecret)
: this(name, eMail, password, clientId, clientSecret, null)
{ }
public GoogleUser(string name, string eMail, string password, string clientId, string clientSecret, string refreshToken)
: base(name, eMail, password, "gmail.com")
{
ClientId = clientId;
ClientSecret = clientSecret;
RefreshToken = refreshToken;
}
public readonly string ClientId;
public readonly string ClientSecret;
public readonly string RefreshToken;
}
}
现在，我们需要创建一个帮助类来处理 Gmail 帐户的身份验证。我们将这个类命名为 GoogleOAuthHelper。下面是这个类的完整实现。
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Aspose.Email
{
internal class GoogleOAuthHelper
{
public const string TOKEN_REQUEST_URL = "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token";
public const string SCOPE = "https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fcalendar" + "+" + "https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fm8%2Ffeeds%2F" + "+" + "https%3A%2F%2Fmail.google.com%2F"; // IMAP & SMTP
public const string REDIRECT_URI = "urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob";
public const string REDIRECT_TYPE = "code";
internal static string GetAccessToken(TestUser user)
{
return GetAccessToken((GoogleUser)user);
}
internal static string GetAccessToken(GoogleUser user)
{
string access_token;
string token_type;
int expires_in;
GetAccessToken(user, out access_token, out token_type, out expires_in);
return access_token;
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(GoogleUser user, out string access_token, out string token_type, out int expires_in)
{
access_token = null;
token_type = null;
expires_in = 0;
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(TOKEN_REQUEST_URL);
request.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
string encodedParameters = string.Format("client_id={0}&client_secret={1}&refresh_token={2}&grant_type={3}",
System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(user.ClientId), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(user.ClientSecret), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(user.RefreshToken), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(GrantTypes.refresh_token.ToString()));
byte[] requestData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encodedParameters);
request.ContentLength = requestData.Length;
if (requestData.Length > 0)
using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream())
stream.Write(requestData, 0, requestData.Length);
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
string responseText = null;
using (TextReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.ASCII))
responseText = reader.ReadToEnd();
foreach (string sPair in responseText.Replace("{", "").Replace("}", "").Replace("\"", "").Split(new string[] { ",\n" }, StringSplitOptions.None))
{
string[] pair = sPair.Split(':');
string name = pair[0].Trim().ToLower();
string value = System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlDecode(pair[1].Trim());
switch (name)
{
case "access_token":
access_token = value;
break;
case "token_type":
token_type = value;
break;
case "expires_in":
expires_in = Convert.ToInt32(value);
break;
}
}
Debug.WriteLine("");
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine("-----------OAuth 2.0 authorization information-----------");
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Login: '{0}'", user.EMail));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Access token: '{0}'", access_token));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Token type: '{0}'", token_type));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Expires in: '{0}'", expires_in));
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine("");
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(TestUser user, out string access_token, out string refresh_token)
{
GetAccessToken((GoogleUser)user, out access_token, out refresh_token);
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(GoogleUser user, out string access_token, out string refresh_token)
{
string token_type;
int expires_in;
GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAccessToken(user, out access_token, out refresh_token, out token_type, out expires_in);
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(TestUser user, out string access_token, out string refresh_token, out string token_type, out int expires_in)
{
GetAccessToken((GoogleUser)user, out access_token, out refresh_token, out token_type, out expires_in);
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(GoogleUser user, out string access_token, out string refresh_token, out string token_type, out int expires_in)
{
string authorizationCode = GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAuthorizationCode(user, GoogleOAuthHelper.SCOPE, GoogleOAuthHelper.REDIRECT_URI, GoogleOAuthHelper.REDIRECT_TYPE);
GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAccessToken(authorizationCode, user, out access_token, out token_type, out expires_in, out refresh_token);
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(string authorizationCode, TestUser user, out string access_token, out string token_type, out int expires_in, out string refresh_token)
{
GetAccessToken(authorizationCode, (GoogleUser)user, out access_token, out token_type, out expires_in, out refresh_token);
}
internal static void GetAccessToken(string authorizationCode, GoogleUser user, out string access_token, out string token_type, out int expires_in, out string refresh_token)
{
access_token = null;
token_type = null;
expires_in = 0;
refresh_token = null;
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(TOKEN_REQUEST_URL);
request.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
string encodedParameters = string.Format("client_id={0}&code={1}&client_secret={2}&redirect_uri={3}&grant_type={4}", System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(user.ClientId), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(authorizationCode), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(user.ClientSecret), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(REDIRECT_URI), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(GrantTypes.authorization_code.ToString()));
byte[] requestData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encodedParameters);
request.ContentLength = requestData.Length;
if (requestData.Length > 0)
using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream())
stream.Write(requestData, 0, requestData.Length);
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
string responseText = null;
using (TextReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.ASCII))
responseText = reader.ReadToEnd();
foreach (string sPair in responseText.Replace("{", "").Replace("}", "").Replace("\"", "").Split(new string[] { ",\n" }, StringSplitOptions.None))
{
string[] pair = sPair.Split(':');
string name = pair[0].Trim().ToLower();
string value = System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlDecode(pair[1].Trim());
switch (name)
{
case "access_token":
access_token = value;
break;
case "token_type":
token_type = value;
break;
case "expires_in":
expires_in = Convert.ToInt32(value);
break;
case "refresh_token":
refresh_token = value;
break;
}
}
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Authorization code: '{0}'", authorizationCode));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Access token: '{0}'", access_token));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Refresh token: '{0}'", refresh_token));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Token type: '{0}'", token_type));
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Expires in: '{0}'", expires_in));
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine("");
}
internal static string GetAuthorizationCode(TestUser acc, string scope, string redirectUri, string responseType)
{
return GetAuthorizationCode((GoogleUser)acc, scope, redirectUri, responseType);
}
internal static string GetAuthorizationCode(GoogleUser acc, string scope, string redirectUri, string responseType)
{
Debug.WriteLine("");
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine("-----------OAuth 2.0 authorization information-----------");
Debug.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Login: '{0}'", acc.EMail));
string authorizationCode = null;
string error = null;
string approveUrl = string.Format("https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?redirect_uri={0}&response_type={1}&client_id={2}&scope={3}", redirectUri, responseType, acc.ClientId, scope);
AutoResetEvent are0 = new AutoResetEvent(false);
Thread t = new Thread(delegate ()
{
bool doEvents = true;
WebBrowser browser = new WebBrowser();
browser.AllowNavigation = true;
browser.DocumentCompleted += delegate (object sender, WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs e) { doEvents = false; };
Form f = new Form();
f.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedToolWindow;
f.ShowInTaskbar = false;
f.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
f.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(-2000, -2000);
f.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1, 1);
f.Controls.Add(browser);
f.Load += delegate (object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
browser.Navigate("https://accounts.google.com/Logout");
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents) Application.DoEvents();
browser.Navigate("https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?sacu=1");
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents) Application.DoEvents();
HtmlElement loginForm = browser.Document.Forms["gaia_loginform"];
if (loginForm != null)
{
HtmlElement userName = browser.Document.All["Email"];
userName.SetAttribute("value", acc.EMail);
loginForm.InvokeMember("submit");
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents)
Application.DoEvents();
loginForm = browser.Document.Forms["gaia_loginform"];
HtmlElement passwd = browser.Document.All["Passwd"];
passwd.SetAttribute("value", acc.Password);
loginForm.InvokeMember("submit");
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents)
Application.DoEvents();
}
else
{
error = "Login form is not found in \n" + browser.Document.Body.InnerHtml;
return;
}
browser.Navigate(approveUrl);
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents) Application.DoEvents();
HtmlElement approveForm = browser.Document.Forms["connect-approve"];
if (approveForm != null)
{
HtmlElement submitAccess = browser.Document.All["submit_access"];
submitAccess.SetAttribute("value", "true");
approveForm.InvokeMember("submit");
doEvents = true;
while (doEvents)
Application.DoEvents();
}
else
{
error = "Approve form is not found in \n" + browser.Document.Body.InnerHtml;
return;
}
HtmlElement code = browser.Document.All["code"];
if (code != null)
authorizationCode = code.GetAttribute("value");
else
error = "Authorization code is not found in \n" + browser.Document.Body.InnerHtml;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
error = ex.Message;
}
finally
{
f.Close();
}
};
Application.Run(f);
are0.Set();
});
t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
t.Start();
are0.WaitOne();
if (error != null)
throw new Exception(error);
return authorizationCode;
}
}
}
使用 C# 在 Gmail 上创建联系人
以下是使用 C# 在 Gmail 上创建联系人的步骤。
- 首先，创建一个 Google 用户，获取一个访问令牌，并初始化一个 IGmailClient 对象。
- 然后，创建一个 Contact 类的对象。
- 设置联系人的属性，例如姓名、前缀、职业等。
- 要设置邮政地址，请创建 PostalAddress 的实例并设置其属性。
- 使用 Contact.PhysicalAddresses.Add(PostalAddress) 方法将新创建的地址添加到集合中。
- 使用 PhoneNumber 类设置电话号码详细信息。
- 使用 Contact.PhoneNumbers.Add(PhoneNumber) 方法将电话号码详细信息添加到集合中。
- 创建 EmailAddress 类的实例，设置电子邮件地址，并将其分配给联系人。
- 最后，调用 IMailClient.CreateContact(Contact) 方法创建 Gmail 联系人。
以下代码示例展示了如何使用 C# 在 Gmail 上创建联系人。
// 初始化谷歌用户
GoogleUser User = new GoogleUser("user", "email address", "password", "clientId", "client secret");
string accessToken;
string refreshToken;
// 获取访问令牌
GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAccessToken(User, out accessToken, out refreshToken);
// 获取 Gmail 客户端
IGmailClient client = GmailClient.GetInstance(accessToken, User.EMail);
// 创建联系人
Contact contact = new Contact();
contact.Prefix = "Prefix";
contact.GivenName = "GivenName";
contact.Surname = "Surname";
contact.MiddleName = "MiddleName";
contact.DisplayName = "Test User 1";
contact.Suffix = "Suffix";
contact.JobTitle = "JobTitle";
contact.DepartmentName = "DepartmentName";
contact.CompanyName = "CompanyName";
contact.Profession = "Profession";
contact.Notes = "Notes";
// 设置邮政地址
PostalAddress address = new PostalAddress();
address.Category = PostalAddressCategory.Work;
address.Address = "Address";
address.Street = "Street";
address.PostOfficeBox = "PostOfficeBox";
address.City = "City";
address.StateOrProvince = "StateOrProvince";
address.PostalCode = "PostalCode";
address.Country = "Country";
contact.PhysicalAddresses.Add(address);
// 设置电话号码
PhoneNumber pnWork = new PhoneNumber();
pnWork.Number = "323423423423";
pnWork.Category = PhoneNumberCategory.Work;
contact.PhoneNumbers.Add(pnWork);
PhoneNumber pnHome = new PhoneNumber();
pnHome.Number = "323423423423";
pnHome.Category = PhoneNumberCategory.Home;
contact.PhoneNumbers.Add(pnHome);
PhoneNumber pnMobile = new PhoneNumber();
pnMobile.Number = "323423423423";
pnMobile.Category = PhoneNumberCategory.Mobile;
contact.PhoneNumbers.Add(pnMobile);
// 设置其他属性
contact.Urls.Blog = "Blog.ru";
contact.Urls.BusinessHomePage = "BusinessHomePage.ru";
contact.Urls.HomePage = "HomePage.ru";
contact.Urls.Profile = "Profile.ru";
contact.Events.Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30);
contact.Events.Anniversary = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-10);
contact.InstantMessengers.AIM = "AIM";
contact.InstantMessengers.GoogleTalk = "GoogleTalk";
contact.InstantMessengers.ICQ = "ICQ";
contact.InstantMessengers.Jabber = "Jabber";
contact.InstantMessengers.MSN = "MSN";
contact.InstantMessengers.QQ = "QQ";
contact.InstantMessengers.Skype = "Skype";
contact.InstantMessengers.Yahoo = "Yahoo";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Spouse = "Spouse";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Sister = "Sister";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Relative = "Relative";
contact.AssociatedPersons.ReferredBy = "ReferredBy";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Partner = "Partner";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Parent = "Parent";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Mother = "Mother";
contact.AssociatedPersons.Manager = "Manager";
// 设置电子邮件地址
EmailAddress eAddress = new EmailAddress();
eAddress.Address = "email@gmail.com";
contact.EmailAddresses.Add(eAddress);
// 在 Gmail 上创建联系人
string contactUri = client.CreateContact(contact);
在 C# 中更新 Gmail 上的联系人
您还可以在访问 Gmail 联系人后更新其详细信息。以下是在 C# 中更新 Gmail 帐户中的联系人的步骤。
- 首先，创建一个 Google 用户，获取一个访问令牌，并初始化一个 IGmailClient 对象。
- 使用 IGmailClient.GetAllContacts() 方法获取数组中的联系人。
- 从 Contact 对象中的数组中获取所需的联系人。
- 更新联系人的详细信息并调用 IGmailClient.UpdateContact(contact) 方法。
以下代码示例展示了如何使用 C# 更新 Gmail 中的联系人。
// 初始化谷歌用户
GoogleUser User = new GoogleUser("user", "email address", "password", "clientId", "client secret");
string accessToken;
string refreshToken;
// 获取访问令牌
GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAccessToken(User, out accessToken, out refreshToken);
// 获取 IGMailClient
using (IGmailClient client = GmailClient.GetInstance(accessToken, User.EMail))
{
// 获取所有联系人
Contact[] contacts = client.GetAllContacts();
Contact contact = contacts[0];
contact.JobTitle = "Manager IT";
contact.DepartmentName = "Customer Support";
contact.CompanyName = "Aspose";
contact.Profession = "Software Developer";
// 更新联系人
client.UpdateContact(contact);
}
在 C# 中删除 Gmail 上的联系人
最后，让我们看看如何使用 C# 删除 Gmail 联系人。以下是执行此操作的步骤。
- 首先，创建一个 Google 用户，获取一个访问令牌，然后初始化一个 IGmailClient 对象。
- 使用 IGmailClient.GetAllContacts() 方法获取数组中的联系人。
- 从 Contact 对象的数组中过滤所需的联系人。
- 最后调用IGmailClient.DeleteContact(Contact.Id.GoogleId)方法删除联系人。
以下代码示例展示了如何在 C# 中删除 Gmail 上的联系人。
// 初始化谷歌用户
GoogleUser User = new GoogleUser("user", "email address", "password", "clientId", "client secret");
string accessToken;
string refreshToken;
// 获取访问令牌
GoogleOAuthHelper.GetAccessToken(User, out accessToken, out refreshToken);
// 获取 IGMailClient
using (IGmailClient client = GmailClient.GetInstance(accessToken, User.EMail))
{
// 获取所有联系人
Contact[] contacts = client.GetAllContacts();
Contact contact = contacts[0];
// 删除联系人
client.DeleteContact(contact.Id.GoogleId);
}
获取免费 API 许可证
您可以使用 免费临时许可证 使用 Aspose.Email for .NET，而不受评估限制。
结论
在本文中，您学习了如何在 C# .NET 中创建和更新 Gmail 帐户中的联系人。此外，您还了解了如何以编程方式删除 Gmail 联系人。此外，您可以访问 文档 来探索 Aspose.Email for .NET 的其他功能。如果您有任何问题，您可以在我们的 论坛 上发帖。